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<p data-block-key="t39bo">These graphs look at the effect of cumulatively applying optimal design decisions from investigations above to understand potential greenhouse gas reduction relative to a Code-compliant 156 m² stand-alone house.</p><p data-block-key="d2g3s">Note that the y-axis results from left to right along the x-axis are cumulative. Thus the values achieved on the far right of these graphs represent the potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions estimated compared to the reference house on the far left if optimums for each of the interventions listed along the x-axis are implemented.</p>

<p data-block-key="fhv13">These graphs investigate how the amount of glazing for different glazing distributions affects results.</p>

<p data-block-key="euzz4">These graphs investigate how more-complex shapes (expressed as a decreasing area/perimeter ratio) affect results.</p>

<p data-block-key="wn1k2">Warm, humid summers and mild winters.</p>

Energy efficiency is about using the least possible energy to perform a task. Reducing energy loss and using passive design elements such as effective house orientation, glazing and insulation can make homes warmer, healthier and cheaper to run.

<p data-block-key="614jv">Everguard and Everguard Extreme TPO Roof and Deck Membranes are single-ply, polyester fabric reinforced, thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) fully bonded waterproofing sheet membranes for roofs and decks.</p><p data-block-key="did7n">Everguard is a standard membrane and Everguard Extreme has increased ultraviolet (UV) inhibitors, and both are available in white or grey. Rolls are wrapped in plastic printed with the GAF mark and Everguard TPO. Each roll has a sticker attached which gives the product, factory and colour codes. A manufacturing batch number is also printed on the top edge of the membrane. Packaging or containers identifies other components and materials.</p>

<p>Detailed monitoring involved the installation of monitoring equipment and occupant surveys in premises. These are detailed below.</p>

<p data-block-key="ndhio">Part of the Carbon Challenge seminar includes a session on optimisation strategies for lower-carbon homes.</p>

<p data-block-key="w2ga0">This selection of tools can help with low-carbon design.</p>

<p>Template building models were simplified for rapid and simplified modelling of designs in EnergyPlus via Google SketchUp and its OpenStudio plug-in application. With simplified geometry and internal thermal zoning, each model contains generalised assumptions and averages to create a working model.</p>